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UPDATE COMPUTER SYSTEMS is
edited by Frank Davis and published by Carol
Davis of P.O. Box 17. Mexico, IN 46958 USA.
The phone number is 317-473-8031 tor voice.
Normal hours are from 6 to 9 P.M. Tuesday
thru Saturday. Please use the answering
machine if w e are n oj a vail a ble, and leave a
short, concise message with both phone
number and address,. Most answers to
questions left on the machine will be by mail,
as long distance charges are too costly for a
small magazine to be expected to bear The
phone number for faxing is 317-472-0783,
and the hours for faxing are 7 P.M. thru 1 1
A M pworu Hrt\/ of fho v,/gpk
B~~% .18 1. WWVrf J V* V« | W • Ml’-' Vf l v. .
Mailing date of the magazine: all issues will try
to be mailed out near the 20th of the months of
October, January, April and July. All mailings
within the USA are by bulk mail and may take a
few weeks to reach you at the most. Those
wishing to have faster service may pay $4
extra for First Class Mail. The present rate for
North America is 320 in US3; and 18 pounds or
40 DM in European currency for a subscription.
All issue years run from October to July of the
next year and those who subscribe during a
year will get all issues for that year In this way
ell subscriptions begin and end at the same
time. Timely renewals are what keep us in
business!
Assistance in publishing this magazine is
provided by you the readers, many of whom
have contributed news, articles and reviews.
We offer you our heartfelt thanks. We are
mainly assisted by our longtime friend, Eliod
Wannum, Poet, Psychologist and Sinclair
computer user. In addition, regular contributors
have been: Bill Cable, Paul Holmgren, David
Lassov, Al Feng, Don Lambert, Bob Swoger,
Abed Kahale and Peter Hale, to name just a
few. We invite you to submit material tor
publication to UPDATE MAGAZINE Piease
make all hard copy (printed out) submissions
Letter or NLQ; no draft print, or 2040 thermal
print. The quality is too poor to print in a
readable manner, and we do not have the time
to re-type most articles. If you do not have a
printer capable of this , then send the article on
disk to us as- Z88. IBM, QL, TS2068 in Oliger
oi barken, or in an Amiga file We can handle
these disk formats. We can use 5 25 or 3.5
disks in DSDD. HD, or ED densities Send two
copies of hard copy Do not submit stuff on
audio tape, as we no longer have any tape
decks for the TS1000, or the TS2068 Try to
avoid flowery or hard to read fonts, unless you
are showing us sample output from a printer
reviewed or a program. If artwork for an article
is to be included, please let us know in what
order you think it should be displayed
Those wishing to place ads in UPDATE
MAGAZINE: We have two ways of placing ads..
ONE, we will do reciprocal ads for other
publications (generally on a year for year
basis) with both of us exchanging copies of the
issues the ads are placed in. TWO, the other
way, is to purchase ad space from us, with the
following rates in effect for now: $15 per
quarter page; $25 per half page; and $40 per
full page ad. This is per issue. For inclusion in
all four issues, you pay for three issues in
advance, and get the fourth issue free. For two
issues you pay full rate for one ad and get $5
off the cost of the second ad rate. Should you
have any questions on this please contact
Frank Davis either by phone, mail or fax, as
listed above. All checks should be made out to
UPDATE MAGAZINE, tor both ads and
subscriptions.
We hope to be of service to you. We do this
magazine as a labor of love, not as a profit
making business. Thank you for your support.
All articles in UPDATE remain the intellectual
property of their various authors
CU/w/ iZ)a/Y)
s/ {/.)«(’/)
l /uu/ ‘TC/zz/z/////
TABLE OF CONTENTS for July 1996
The front cover for this edition was done courtesy of Abed Kahale
of CATUG. Cover graphics are wanted for future issues. They can be in
one of the following formats: JPEG , GIF or QL SCREEN.
We are now finishing our 9th year of publishing , and thank you for
having been a subscriber . You can still send us articles and news for
our new trial electronic version of UPDATE! On The Internet . Perhaps
you will tell a friend to contact us about a sample of our upcoming
electronic edition . An email address is needed.
Inside Front Cover - basic magazine information .
Page 1 -- Directory
Page 2 -- Last Hardcopy Editorial by Frank Davis
Page 4 -- Report on Boston QL Show
Page 5 -- A Couple of Simple ZX8 1/Timex 1000 Modifications William
Richardson
Page 6 -- Sale on Update Back issues
Page 7 -- Sinclair ZX81 FAQ Version 1.3 Last Revised 6/13/95, Part 2
Page 10 -- TS1500 Memory Mod by Kevin Baker
Page 11 -- Sinclair ZX Spectrum micro-FAQ V3.02
Page 14 -- Are there any mailing-lists/e-zines/web-sites for the
Spectrum followers? From Stephen Smith
Page 16 -- Printing VU-CALC on a Large Printer by Bob Swoger
Page 18 -- At the Keyboard by Bob Johnson
Page 19 -- TCP/IP over a Z80 System by Bill McBrine
Page 20 -- Add Serial Port To Your Sinclair by Will Rigter
Page 22 -- Become A Sinclair Power User by Bob Swoger
Page 24 -- RMG - Ad
Page 25 -- TS2068 Key Top Protector by Phillip Kwitkowski
Page 26 -- QBOX USA - Ad
Page 21 -- QL FAQ and Resources pointer, news by Richard Zidlicky
Page 30 -- QHJ Freeware - Ad
Page 31 - - Cable Column by Bill Cable .. .Archive Series Part 25:
Backup Strategies To Prevent Data Loss
Page 33 -- Aurora - The QL Graphics Card - Flash News Release J
Page 35 --- Thought You Might Enjoy by Don Walterman
Page 36 -- Computer Classics - Dan Elliott Ad
Page 37 -- QL Troubleshooting by Tony Firshman
Page 38 -- FWD Computing Ad for ArcED
Page 39 -- FWD Computing - QL Ad
Page 40 -- More On Larken Maxcom by David Lassov
Page 42 -- Jochen Merz Software - Ad
Page 43 -- QL Today, The Magazine about QL, QDOS, Sinclair Computers , SMSQ
Page 44 -- Sinclair Archeology - The complete photo guide to collectable
models by Enrico Tedeschi
Page 45 -- Internal Memory Expansion For The Z88 by Don Walterman
Page 47 -- Printer settings for Z88 from Domino Cubes
Back Cover - Z88 Ad - FWD Computing
THE LAST HARDCOPY EDITORIAL by Frank Davis, Editor
Here we are with the long delayed, but delivered as promised last hardcopy issue of
UPDATE MAGAZINE, it has been nine years that this magazine has been published. The first
three years under the excellent tutelage of Bill Jones of Florida The last six years have been
done by my wife Carol and me with the excellent help of many, it has been a long time since I
have heard from Bill Jones though I have continued to send him a copy of each issue since we
took over. Knowing what I did of Bill I am sure that he has stayed busy in whatever area of life he
has chosen Thanks to you Bill Jones Also my heartfelt thanks to all of those who have
contributed over the years to articles and help with the magazine. Some, but not all of the names
are: Eliad Wannum, Paul Holmgren, Bill Cable, Ai Feng, Peter Hale, Bob Swoger, Abed Kahale,
Mike Felerski, David Lassov, Bob Gilder, John Impeilizzeri, Don Walterman, Bill Pedersen, Larry
Crawford and a host of others If I failed to say enough about all of you, or mention the help you
have been, then forgive me and let it be known that all of the help was appreciated by Carol and
me. This has been a very labor intensive work for us. We are now ready to take a rest from it
Now is the time to once again mention that I will be trying, at least as an experiment, to
put an online version of the magazine electronically on the Internet. To get a sample of this you
will have to give me an email address that I can reach. This will work for those on the Internet,
AOL, CompuServe, etc If the response is good to this first issue, then I may offer it on a
subscriber basis. If not, then so be it and so long and thanks for all the fish (hacked quotation
from a book called the Hitchhikers Guide to the Universe.) Let me hear from you soon on this if
you wish to participate.
I want to see as many of you as possible continue to use your Sinclairs and Z88s. To
this mind, for support reasons, I do encourage all of you to become members of TSNUG and get
their newsletter. Make this thing grow and contribute to it. If you need more information on them,
check the back issues of UPDATE. I also want to see all of the QL users subscribe to QL
TODAY, see the ad in this issue. This is what has tried to replace IQLR. I have seen two issues of
this new magazine and to me it looks like a cross between UPDATE and IQLR in content and
form. I do endorse this as it is a good blend of Europe and Norfh America for the QL user. Hook
up with these two publications and you will still see support for your computers. We still have a
few fairly active users groups also. The NESQLUG group out of Boston is a great supporter of the
QL, and for the full gambit of Sinclairs try the L.I.S.T. Group out of Long Island, CATUG out of
the Chicago area, and the CATS group out of D.C.
I am not, at this time ending off entirely on supporting these computers. I am still pursuing
FWD Computing, to provide some support for TS2068s, and a lot of software and hardware for
the QL and Z88. This will be continued as long as there is sufficient demand for this service.
When there is not enough stuff being ordered to make it minimally worth my while, this too shall
end. This ball is in the court of you the users. Support me and I will support you. Please try to
keep to the phone hours of the ads, and do not call and leave messages that you want me to call
you back long distance. On some items the profit is only a few dollars and one phone call at my
expense does away with any reason for me to stay in business. The burden of the phone call has
to be on your shoulders. This is to keep prices down. Please take this in the kindest of ways.
There are still some new items in the works for the Z88 and the QL. We have even seen some for
the TS2068, such as Logicall Professional by Bob Swoger, and the reworking of MaxCom by
Dave Lassov. Get active and make some new stuff, people, and support what you have left. This
is what creates a future for new stuff. Piracy is what kills it, as well as indifference and lack of
support from the users of a computer. In computers being the best is not what wins out; it really is
the dollar bill that talks the loudest.
In this issue there is an article on how to expand the internal memory of your Z88. Do not
attempt this unless you are familiar with the use of a soldering iron and desoldering. Get
someone who feels confident in doing this. In order to make full use of this extra memory you
should have the new ROM for the Z88 installed at that time. Check the ROM version of your Z88.
It is probably version 2 2 or 3.0. The new version is version 4.0 It makes use of the extra
INTERNAL 128K or 51 2K of memory, allows the Z88 to make better use of its memory by not
fragmenting memory, and corrects the known operating system bugs. The new ROM is useless
for these features if you do not have the expanded internal memory. It will not work with extra
EXTERNAL memory It must be internal. Also the price of the static RAM in the article has risen
some since its writing. By now you are probably wondering "Where can I get this new ROM?" The
answer is from FWD Computing, and we will also do the memory upgrade for you if you wish.
Write, phone, or email me for details. This is not an overnight job for me to do, but I can do it for
you, so be prepared to do without your Z88 for a week or so after you send it.
Most of you have noticed that we have put a lot of attention on the Internet in the last
year, and you would be correct Do not think that it is over your head to get into this, or that your
Sinclair is not up to the task Most people will try to tell you that you need an IBM or MAC
computer running Microsoft Explorer or Netscape to access the Internet. It just is not true. I know
of many QL users and a few Z88 users on the Net, as well as at least one person using his
TS2068 (see the article on that in this issue). I have seen people using TI99s, Ataris, Commodore
64s and a lot of Amiga users as well as a lot of CPM and Unix machines on the NET. Some of
you will decide to go the way of an IBM, but to me they just are not as much fun as I have had
with my Sinclair over the years. It costs a fortune and a lot of heavy duty software to program
today's IBM or MAC computers. There are however a lot of both cheap and very expensive
software out there for them. You can easily wrap up a year's salary in a full blown IBM Pentium
computer with all the knick knacks available for them, and take out a mortgage on the house to
finance all of the nitty software to be had. Do that if you feel you must, but judging by the number
of emulators written by IBM users to be able to emulate their old Sinclair computers I have to say
a lot of people may not admit it in public, but they miss Sir Clive's little machines. Stay with the
QL a bit longer and see some new miraculous hardware and software coming out in the next
year. The machine is getting mature. Now is a good time to buy that backup for that TS1000, Z88,
TS2068 or QL. Even a non-working one for parts is a good idea, i plan to still have mine working
when they tell me that we have passed the year 2000. Just as antique cars have become many
people's fancy, so too will older computers be in the future.
Paul Holmgren when I last saw him asked me to tell you that he still had a lot of Sinclair
computers, parts, software and such that was in storage at the time of his house fire and that if
anyone was interested in some of it to contact him. The best time is in the evenings or weekends,
and if you do not get him, then keep trying. If is possible that by the time you read this they may
have finished rebuilding his house and he will be back in it. I do hope so as it has been close to
ten months or so, a long time to be in temporary quarters! His number is 317-291-6002.
For those who are interested in getting future FWD Computing catalogs via email on the
Net, send me your email address. I am still working (when I have the spare time which is not very
often) on a World Wide Web site for my business. It will be heavily devoted to the Sinclair
computers with a bit of Amiga thrown in. For those who also have an Amiga I have the latest
version of the QL emulator for the Amiga. It is much improved, and only lacks the use of the hard
drive having part of it set aside for the QL emulator to use for its own. It is faster than a QL with a
Trump card and nearly as fast as a Gold Card using QL. It comes on three disks and is available
for SI 0
With these words I end my last hard copy editorial. In the future I hope to find a bit of time
to finish a couple of books, pen an article or two for TSNUG and for QL TODAY, etc. Thanks.
3
NESQLUG and The Fourth North American QL Show
On Saturday, May 18th of 1996 we found ourseives in Bedford, Massachusetts, just
15 miles NW of Boston Carol and I had gone there for the QL Show at the Bedford Ramada
Inn, 340 Great Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730 We had come for the show and were
staying Friday and Saturday the 17th & 18th and leaving on Sunday.
Friday, 17 May most people met in the Ramada Lounge at 7PM (and onward till who
knows when) and shared rides to the Willow Pond Restaurant, an informal pub in Concord.
Carol and I arrived too late to go to this, but saw many of the dealers and attendees of the
show later in the lounge at the hotel Here for the first time I met Robin Barker in person,
though I had done business with him before this He is the man behind Di-Ren They are the
makers of the Amadeus System for the QL (most North American QL users have not yet
realized just what all this has to otter!!), the Di-Ren Keyboard Interface and the Network
Prover. He has also authored several war tactical games for the QL and the PC. He had
arrived for the show, but his goods to sell had not. During the show I ended up loaning him
some of his goods (that I also sell) so that he would have them to show to customers He last
told me that his stuff never did get recovered.
On Saturday, 18 May at 8:00 AM the doors to the meeting room on the 3rd floor of
the Ramada opened to vendors so that we could set up our tables and opened to the public at
9:00. At noon the meeting room was dosed for lunch break. At 1 :00 - 4:30 the rest of the
general meeting was conducted. This allowed us dealers to show and sell our goods. This
gave us more time than we had in the last three QL shows. During the course of the show
several of our European dealers gave talks, QBOX was demoed, and a new QL emulator that
runs on the MAC computer was shown. If you are a dealer this is a very important time. From
4:30 - 5:00 the vendors removed equipment from the room. Numerous valuable QL
hardware/software doorprizes were given away all day ! Turnout was good but not as large as
I had hoped for I thought that more of the D.C. area people would make it to the show, as for
those of us in the Midwest, Boston and D.C are like next door neighbors. I was very pleased
to get a chance to talk to Peter Hale at this show as he and I are old friends. To be truthful,
there was no one there that I was not glad to see. Carol and I have been active in the Sinclair
computer scene in North America for many years and have become close to many people.
Saturday night was the QL Banquet I am sure that a lot of work went into this, but I
was disappointed by it. I ordered one of the two choices, but was told I had to have the other. It
ended up being better than I expected in taste, but I still wish this had been handled differently.
Awards Presentation was done after the banquet and a wet bar was made available
for those who wanted it. This was followed by a QL Quorum - a panel of our most
knowledgeable volunteers. They answered questions from the floor and offered opinions on
new software, IQLR, hardware in the works and problems people were having with hardware
and software.
The evening ended with a folk song sing along, general discussions and elbow
bending until they threw the stragglers out at midnight or thereabouts. Thanks to those who
brought their instruments and to Al Boehm and Mary Boyle who led us in song. I really do think
that our European friends really enjoyed this once it got going. It was fun.
Sunday at 9:00 AM was QLunch at the Boehms house in Bedford. We were told that
several QLs and QXLs were set up in separate rooms for demos and discussions. We were
sorry to have missed this but had already started the long trek back to Indiana. Since then we
have been told that another show is in the planning in New York or Pennsylvania rumour says.
A Couple Of Simple ZX81 / Timex 1000 Modifications
ZX81 16K RAM modification
Parts:
62256-12 32Kx8 SRAM 120ns you can use low-power, this is a common
SRAM lots of versions exist,
approx 12" of small gauge hookup wire
Procedure:
Remove the 2K SRAM (this mod is for single SRAM one socket ZX81s).
Bend out pins 1 ,2,23 on the 32K SRAM chip.
Install 32K SRAM in 2K socket, pins 1 ,2,27,28 will not be in the socket but
will be located over the soiderpads (holes) on the RGB.
Solder a small wire from pin 28 to the hole 28 (5V) & pin 27 to hole 27 (/WR) on the PCB.
Solder a short wire from pin 23 to anode (no band) on D1 (All)
located above the large keyboard connector on the lower right-hand side
of the ZX81 PCB. Solder another wire from pin 1 to anode on D3 (A12), and lastly a wire from
pin 2 to D5 (A13).
Diodes D1 to D8 are located directly above the large keyboard connector
and to the right of R43-47
Notes:
Although you use a 32K RAM the ZX81 A14 is tied to VCC as the memory map only
allows 16K to be used. The SRAM draws alot less power than the 16K external
DRAM and is far more reliable.
ZX81 Composite video buffer
Parts:
RCA socket, 2N2222A transistor, lOOohm 1/4watt resistor.
Procedure:
Remove the RF modulator (use a high heat soldering iron on the Gnd plane).
For my US unit connect the 2N2222A as follows (there are 6 holes where
the modulator was connected, from left to right 1=Gnd, 2=UK video?,
3=US video, 4&5 = 5V, 6=SW1 {channel 3-4}). The base of the 2N2222A to pin 3,
collector to 5V & emitter to lOOohm resistor & RCA video jack center pin.
The other side of the lOOohm resistor connects to Gnd. Also Gnd the shell of the RCA jack.
5V hole 3
I
/ C
video hole 3 . 0 B 2N2222A
\ E
I . video out RCA connector center
I RCA connector Shell GND
5
1 0Oohm
Gnd hole 1
Notes:
Removing the RF modulator was the hardest part, you need alot of heat to soften
the large Gnd case pins. Make a note of the position of the video connector on
the modulator before you remove it, when you install the new RCA jack try to
mount it so it lines up when the case is re-installed. It's a simple buffer but
will drive a 75ohm load much better than no buffer at all and will protect the
video circuitry on the ZX81 .
PS currently working on two other and much more complex projects, just for the
knowledge gained and fun of it.
1) An IBM PC keyboard to ZX81 (solders where the existing keyboard goes) using a
single PIC microcontroller.
2) ZX81 to IBM PC tape record & play. Hooks up to the MIC & EAR connectors and to
a PC printer port. Lets you fake a tape recorder and save files on your PC.
William Richardson wrichard@idirect.com
**+********+**+*****+*+*************************************************************************
SALE ON UPDATE BACK ISSUES
This is a very limited sale. Boxes of back issues of the magazine take up a
lot of room. We need the room for other uses, and don't really want to send
them to the land fill, so here is the offer.
You can get any four issues, except the current subscription year, for
only $12 and this includes North American shipping. For other areas of the
world add $2 for each four issues to cover extra postage. When you order
give at least one alternative issue, as we may quickly run out of certain
issues from years back. The first issue after we took over UPDATE was
Oct. ‘90, so choose from then to the July ' 95 issue. Any left in a few months
will be thrown out, so get them now, please. These will end up becoming
collector's items in the future.
************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************
2 - ZX81 Emulators.
Q: Are there any ZX81 emulators?
A: Yes. Cm aware of four at the moment, i'd rank them in the following order:
1 . ZX81 Emulator - Atari ST. Free.
Programmer: Christoph Zwerschke.
FTP from: src.doc.ic.ac.uk /computing/systems/atari/umich/Emulators
Piusses Runs at near exact speed.
Emulates FAST mode display. :-)
Joystick support.
Excellent file handling interface.
Minuses: No way to load original games from tape.
No HRG or sound.
No way to run at extremely fast speeds.
2. Xtender - IBM PC compatible. Shareware.
Programmer: Carlo Delhez
FTP from: src.doc.ic.ac.uk /computing/systems/ibmpc/simtel/msdos/emulator
Piusses: Runs at adjustable speed.
Very fast on a 386/486/Pentium. 20 times faster on my machine.
Supports (limited) HRG.
Minuses: Arcane file handling
Poor keyboard response.
No tape, printer or joystick support.
3. TS1000 - IBM PC compatible. Free.
Programmer: Jeff Vavasour
FTP from: src.doc.ic.ac.uk /computing/systems/ibmpc/simtel/msdos/emulator
Piusses: Emulates TStOOO. The American version of the ZX81.
Minuses: Runs at uncontrollable speed.
Crashes with many snapshots saved on other emulators.
No tape support.
No HRG support.
4. Xtricator - Sinclair QL. Sorry, no information about this one.
In summary:
The Atari emulator is just about perfect for playing most games on, but due to the slow speed of
the original, typing in long programs is a bit of a chore.
Xtender is good for typing in programs, because of it's high speed. However, due to the poor
keyboard response, it's fairly useless for playing games that require simultaneous keypresses.
Carlo Delhez (the programmer) is currently working on a new version of Xtender that will fix this
problem.
TS1000 has no real advantages over either of the others, but might appeal to original Timex
Sinclair owners.
Q: Where can I get software for the emulators?
A: There's some software on the ftp.nvg.unit.no site in the directory pub/sinclair/snaps/zx81 .
These are mostly BASIC programs, since there's no widely available method for loading in old
tapes.
While you're there, check out my game: 'Deathrider.' :-)
You can also get a huge bundle of software if you register Xtender.
7
Finally, try picking up copies of all the emulators. Most of them come with a few examples
Q: Flow can I get 81 files to work on Xtender?
A: Usually just rename them to have a P file extension The keyboard controls in games might
not work properly though
Q: Flow can I get P files to work on the Atari Emulator?
A: Try renaming them to .81 files. They might be ones that were 'converted' to Xtender files by
the above process If that doesn't work, you can try the program PT081 (from ftp nvg.unit.no)
which chops a byte off the end and fiddles a few system variables.
This is only available as a PC/DOS program at the moment. Contact me if you desperately
need a ST executable version. Since the only compiled language I've got for my ST is STOS, I'm
none too keen on writing one though
Fli-Res graphics, programs that POKE the ROM (e g to change the speed in Xtender) or use
Xtender's file handling system won't work, though
Q: Flow can I load my old games off tape?
A: There's a program by John Elliot called ZX81TAP that is available on my ZX81 page (see
above) that can, in theory, read ZX81 programs from tape, using a Spectrum Emulator and save
them as P files to disk.
Unfortunately, I can't get it to work on my system, but this might be down to dodgy audio
equipment, leads and a crap sound card. If anyone can get this program to work, I'd be very
interested to hear from you
3 - ZX81 Hacking and Trivia.
Q: Could you get sound on a ZX81 ?
A: Yes. Just about, anyway. You couid drive the cassette port rather like the ZX Spectrum's
speaker. So if it was wired up to a cassette recorder or an Amplifier, you could get sound from it.
There was a program, that was printed in a magazine, that could sample and replay sounds using
the cassette port.
You could also get sound through the television, by rapidly alternating between FAST and
SLOW modes. There was a 'Sinclair Organ' program in Sinclair Programs that did this quite
nicely.
There was also the Zon-X add-on, that contained the AY-8192 sound chip (as used in the Atari
ST, Spectrum 128 and Amstrad CPC machines) to create rather better sound effects.
At the moment, no emulators support ZX81 sound using any of these methods.
Q: Could you get hi-res graphics on a ZX81?
A: Yes. There were a number of ways.
1. The Z80's i register pointed to a font table. You could move this around in the ROM to create
swirly graphics effects. The game Astral Convoy did this. Unfortunately, the design of the ZX81
made it impossible for the character set to be anywhere in the 16K range, so you couldn't have a
user defined set without extra hardware. With a 64K RAM pack you could disable the ROM
shadow between 8K and 16K and design your own UDGs.
2. CRL released a Fli-Res graphics toolkit. This contained an extremely hairy interrupt routine
that replaced the ZX81's usual display update routine. Basically, it pointed the i register to a
strategic ROM location, and tried to 'best fit' the EIRG display to what it could find in those
locations. It also used a feature of the ZX81's hardware that allowed you to have 1 pixel height
characters to improve it's chances.
You still could, at best, only have 128 different combinations out of the 256 possible ones.
These were the 64 'characters' and their inverses. So this is really pseudo-HRG,
8
A number of games by Software Farm, including Hi-Res Invaders and Rocket Man, used this
technique.
With a 64K RAM pack you could also, alter the font, allowing an even better chance of getting
the characters you need. Some people made an alteration to their ZX81's internal wiring, so that
the i register can point to the 16K RAM area, allowing them to do the same.
3. There were a number of hardware add-ons that worked with software similar to the above
routines to allow UDG's and true-HRG. DK'Tronics and Quicksilva produced devices that worked
with some of their games
Q: Could you get colour graphics on a ZX81 ?
A: Yes, but not without extra hardware. Prism released an adaptor that required some soldering
inside the machine. It got little attention, because the ZX Spectrum had been out for a while, and
the ZX81 was on the way out.
U: Could you really run a nuciear powerstation on a ZX8i?
A: Well, Clive Sinclair said you could. Then again, he made some pretty outrageous claims about
a lot of his products. I wouldn't give it much chance, since mine crashes about once every 2
hours without a RAM pack on, and once every thirty minutes with one. :-)
Q: Could a 1 K ZX81 really play chess?
A: Yes, but not very well. 1 K chess was released in 1 982 by Artie Computing. It had no graphics
and could only play white. Nonetheless, a marvel of programming skill to get a chess game into
1 K
Credits:
Clive Sinclair for making the thing in the first place
Christoph Zwerschke for the ST emulator 'ZX81
Carlo Delhez for the PC emulator 'Xtender.'
Jeff Vavasour for the PC emulator 'TSIOOO.'
David Gonzales for sending me some ZX81 software.
Ian Collier for much discussion about ZX81 emulation, 1 K chess and HRG
Chris Gill for the original ZX81 homepage.
Chris Owen for his Sinclair history page.
Marat Fayzullm for his emulation home page.
Amt Gulbrandsen for the NVG archive site in Norway.
Bob Tinsley for transcribing the ZX81 manual.
John Elliot for the ZX81TAP program.
Everyone on comp. sys. Sinclair. ...and anyone else I've forgotten for whatever reason. Sorry!
Final note:
This FAQ is in its very early days, so don't be surprised if some of
the information is rather vague, and occasionally incorrect. This is
due to it being largely composed of my memories from fourteen years
ago, gossip from comp. sys. Sinclair, rumours and speculations.
Please feel free to Email any corrections to me if you know better.
See you in comp. sys. Sinclair,
Matt Barber
University Of Greenwich
Email: M.Barber@greenwich.ac.uk
9
From: Kevin Baker <krbaker@edge.net>
Subject: TS1500 memory mod
Date: Sat, 27 Jul 1996 23:08:53 -0700
The TS1500 internal RAM may be expanded to 32K> Timex had the torethought
to multiplex all 16 address lines for the DRAM included in the '1500, and
fully decoded the memory map. Unfortunately, the CAS signal for the DRAMs
is normally only active for the 16-32K region. However, by taking RAMRM
high (as with an external RAM pack), the internal memory is moved to the
32-48K region. By taking an appropriate combination of signals and
dynamically switching RAMRM, you can have 32K RAM internally.
Step 1: Remove the 16K DRAMS (4116 ICs). Replace with sockets.
Step 2: Rewire the power connections. 64K DRAM chips only require 5 V,
not the +/-5 and 12V that 4116 require This will also insure
that a faulty switching supply doesn't kill your computer.
Be careful that you don't cut off 5V from the other los.
Step 3: Run the 8th multiplexed address line. This is RAT, pin 43 on
the logic array. This goes to pm 9 on the sockets
Step 4: Populate all the sockets with 4164 64K DRAM chips
Step 5: Since RAMRM needs to be switched dynamically, you will need to
wire in a 74HC08 quad AND gate. You need to gate A15 with /Ml
to get the multiplexed address correctly to the DRAM.
Diagram below
j - _\
AtS - 1 )
I 74HC08 }- — - — RAMRM
/mi - 1 )
Step 6: reassemble your computer. Be careful with those damn keyboard
flex strips!
NOTE: I have tested this on my unit. It seems to work fine, but make this
mod at your own risk. Your mileage may vary!
BTW, it seems the CONTROL input on the logic array car. be pulled low to
disable the entire logic array.
Kevin
comp. sys. Sinclair
Sinclair ZX Spectrum micro-FAQ
v3.02 (June 10 1995)
You can find an up-to-date & fuller version of this document at the following
World-Wide Web (WWW) address
http //users. ox. ac uk/~uzdm0006/Damien/speccy/faq.html
Please send your additions and corrections to the email address above.
As I am a university student and about to take a year out to go back to the
real world this may be the last major update of the FAQ for some time. My
university account will become defunct some time around September 1996, and I
am unlikely to be able to read any mail after June 14th 1996, so email to the
address listed above will probably bounce or remain unanswered. I should have
a new address by September 1996; I will make a link available to the new
address on the following web page:
http://users.ox.ac.uk/-uzdm0006/Damien/mail.html
===== FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS =====
1 Just what is this newsgroup for?
This group's charter (from its original formation in December 1993) is to
provide a forum for the discussion of the various brainchildren of Sir
Clive (born Clive Sinclair) and related computers such as the Jupiter Ace,
TK and TS series', SAM Coupe and Thor, software, peripherals, emulators for
them, programming them; playing those wonderful games (6031769, anyone?);
and anything else which interests the Sinclair community. The group is not moderated.
In practice, most discussion is Spectrum-related, but there's a fair bit of
SAM Coupe, QL, ZX-81, etc. chat as well. This FAQ only covers the Spectrum,
other documents being available separately:
The QL FAQ at http://ww.uni-mainz.de/-roklein/ql
The SAM Coupe FAQ at http://www.soton.ac.uk/~tsp93/Coupe/FAQ.txt
2. Can I post binaries to this group?
NO! The word 'binaries' does ‘not* appear in the newsgroup title, and this
is a subtle indication that posting binaries is going to make you very
unpopular very quickly. Many people have to pay for net access, and you're
costing them money if you post binaries, which are substantially larger than
most posts. You may also cause news providers to stop carrying the group if
binaries are seen to be posted in it. If you want to distribute something Sinclair-related,
upload it to an FTP site or put it on a web page and post the ‘address* of the site.
3, Is there a Spectrum emulator tor <whatever machine>?
Probably. See section II, Emulators, in the full version of the FAQ. It is
split up by machine type, so you should be able to find one you can use.
Currently emulators are available on IBM PC (DOS and Windows), Amiga,
Atari ST/TT/Falcon, Acorn Archimedes, Apple Mac/PowerMac, UNIX/Linux and
NeXT platforms.
4 Where can I find <whatever game>9
The game you're after is probably available somewhere on the net The
gopher server at gopher://gopher.nvg.unit.no enables you to search for
games (web interface to it at http://www.nvg.unit.no/spectrum/search.html),
but an even better way to search is to use Hynek Med's snapsearch engine,
located on the web at http://drson vse.cz/snapsearch
Several CDs full of games can be had (but see question 6):
Speccy Sensations II: Warm Silence Software at:
http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/users/robin.watts/wss/index.html
Emulator Heaven:
Phone Mike Mee in the UK on (01745) 591704 after 6pm or write to
"Anncott", Hylas Lane, Rhuddlan, Ciwyd, LL18 5AG, UK or
phone TortyFoo' also in the UK on (01922) 616324 (7pm-10pm Weekdays/
lOam-IOpm Weekends) or email:
emulators@tortyfoo.demon.co.uk
If none of those turn up the game you're after, try asking on the
newsgroup, or (shock) going to a second-hand shop and digging around in
their boxes of old tapes.
5. Is it legal to use ZX-Spectrum ROM images?
Yes, it is. Amstrad, who owns the copyright for the ROMs, allows free
distribution of ROMs for emulation purposes, although they often apply
stipulations such as not charging money for software that includes these
ROMs. They also allow free distribution of electronic versions of Spectrum hardware manuals.
6. Is it legal to use snapshots (i.e. games etc.)?
Formally, using snapshotted game without actually owning a copy of it on a
tape is a 'copyright violation*. Nevertheless, ZX-Spectrum games are not
being sold any more and using snapshots doesn't harm copyright holders
much, if you don't make profit from if and don't distribute snapshots on a
large scale. Some companies definitely do not like to have their games
distributed (e.g. Ultimate/Rare), whereas others have given explicit
permission (e.g. Vortex). A list of such companies/individuals is at
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~uzdm0006/Damien/speccy/permits.html.
7. I have the game I was after, but in a format my emulator can't load. How
do I convert snapshots between various formats?
Most snapshots can be converted into one another using SPConv program
by Henk de Groot [hegr@ensae.ericsson.se] and myself. An MSDOS version of
this program is supplied with the JPP emulator (source included), but is a
rather old version A more up to date version (vl .10) is available from the
NVG FTP site: ftp://ftp.nvg.unit.no/pub/sinclair/utils/generic/spcnv110.zip
8. I've got a snapshot that won't load into Z80 - it just gives an error
message saying 'plusdrom.bin not found' and exits to DOS. How can I get it to work?
The snapshot was saved by someone with a registered copy including +D
emulation, in +D mode. The game doesn't actually *need* the +D ROM, so you
can use DEMGT: ftp://ftp.nvg.unit.no/pub/sinclair/utils/generic/demgt.zip
to modify the snapshot so it isn't in +D mode.
9. Where is/are <Spectrum programmer/personality>?
Get the full version of this FAQ, there's a section covering this sort of question.
10. Any good FTP/WWW sites I should look at?
Again, get the full version of this FAQ, or fake a look around my own web
site - http://users.ox.ac.uk/~uzdm0006/Damien/speccy - I have a good
collection of Speccy links there.
1 1 .Where is Sinclair Research now? Is Clive on email?
Sir Clive Sinclair is still the chairman; no email address is known for him (and if you were him
and had one, wouldn't you keep it a secret from the slavering hordes of Speccy fans?!). You
could try contacting MENSA; Clive is a member.
12. What the hell is a Spectrum?
The best home computer of all time. Came out in 1982 from Sinclair
Research Ltd., and proceeded to capture the hearts and minds of millions
of people. Based around a Z80 processor and utilising lots of neat tricks
to keep the cost down, Clive (now Sir Clive) Sinclair effectively created
the UK computer industry with his ZX80, ZX81 and ZX Spectrum. If you've
never used one, get hold of an emulator and try out some of the classic
games around (e.g. Jetpac) and see what ‘real* gameplay is about without
needing 50 Mb of hard disk space and the type of processing power that
interferes with military radar.
13.1 have a question not covered here!
First, try the full version of the FAQ, which can be found at
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~uzdm0006/Damien/speccy/faq.html or at the NVG FTP
site; ftp://ftp.nvg.unit.no/pub/sinclair/docs/specfaq/specfaqt.zip (ASCII
text) and ftp://ftp.nvg.unit.no/pub/sinclair/docs/specfaq/specfaqh.zip
(HTML). There are also other sources of information; in particular, if the
question is about a particular game, your first stops should be Stephen
Smith's Speccy Games FAQ and Games Database at:
http://www.hermetica.com/technologia/sinclair/stevo/gamefaq.html and
http://www.hermetica.com/technologia/sinclair/stevo/gamedbs/gamedbs.html
If they don’t help, welcome to the group, ask away!
From Stephen Smith <stevo@jonlan. demon co uk>
Newsgroups: comp. sys. Sinclair
Subject Re: Speccy Mailing lists.
Date Tue, 28 May 1996 18 55 39 GM T
Are there any mailing-lists/e-zines/web-sites for the Spectrum followers?
From the Spectrum Game FAQ, here are o tew to get you going
1 ftp.ijs.si/pub/zx
2 ftp.nvg unit.no/pub/sindair
3 topkapi .cc.itu.edu.tr/pub/spectrum
4. ftp.dcc.uchile cl/pub/OS/sinclair
5. ftp..polsl.,gliwice.pl/.optical/4/a/ZXSpectrum/games
6 ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de/pub/zxspectrum
7. ftp. gui.uva.es/pub/sinclair
8. akira.uc3m.es/pub/sindaii
9. virgo/inesc.pt pub/games/ZX
10.lst.informatik.um-erlangen.de/incoming/kio/readme
1 1 .ftp.gmd.de/if-archive
12. ftp.funet.fi/pub/misc/if-archive
1 3 . f t p . s u n . a c z a/p u b/m s d o s/z x
14..oak..oak!and,edu/pub/msdos/emuiatof
15. ftp.itu.edu.tr/pub/spectrum/
16. ftp.lanprojekt.cz/pub/sindair/
17. fly.cc.fer.hr
18. reicom.eu.net/zx/gmf.html
1 9. osiris. sund.ac.ukA~ca4aba/games htmi
20.www.cs.ud.ac.uk/students/zcacbb1/spectrum/speccy.html
21 ,ftp://uhura ijs.si/pub/zx
22. ftp://ftp.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/OS/sindair
23. ftp://ftp.nvg. unit.no/pub/sinclair
24. ftp://virgo inesc.pt/pub/games
25. ftp://ftp.itu. edu.tr/pub/systems/spectrum
26. ftp://ftp.inf. tu-dresden.de/pub/zxspectnjm
27. ftp://ftp. inf. tu-dresden.de/pub/incoming/zxspectrum
28. ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive
29. http://zx-museum.org.ru
30. http://www.islandia.is/~wooster
31 .ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/misc/if-archive
32. ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/pub/misc/sindair
33. ftp://ftp.gui. uva.es/pub/sinclair
34. ftp://akira.uc3m.es/pub/sinclair
35. ftp://drson.vse.cz/pub/sinclair
36. ftp://ftp.polsl.gli wice.pl/pub/systems/ZXSpectrum
37. ftp://ftp. komkon.com/incoming/Spectrum
38. ftp://ftp. komkon.com/pub/Spectrum
39. ftp://lst.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/incommg/kio
40. ftp://lst informatik.uni-erlangen.de/incoming/kio/readme
41 ftp://ftp.lanprojekt.cz/pub/sinclair
42. ftp://ftp.vse.cz/pub/386-unix/linux/system/emulators/spectrum
43. ftp://fly.cc.fer.hr/pub2/spectrum
44 ftp://maya.dei.unipd.it/pub/sinclair_.QL
45 ftp://maya.dei.unipd.it/pub/sinclair._QLyspectrum
46 ftp://tardis.soc.staffs.ac.uk/pub/sinclair
47 ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/sinclair
48 ftp //ftp. demon. co. uk/pub/emuiators/spectrum
49 httpV/www. nvg.unit.no/spectrum/contents-a.htmi
50 http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oud/users/ian.collier/Spectrum/index.html
51 http //www soton.ac uk/~tsp93ma/Coupe/
52 http: //www maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/cpg/zx81/index_.old.html/
53, http://www.gre.ac.uk/~bm10/zx81 .html
54 http://spodbox.linux.org.uk/~majik/sinclair/
55 http://reicom.eu.net/zx/
56. http //www.islandia.is/wooster/
57. http://www.nvg. unit.no/spectrum/stevo/stevowww/stevowww.htm
58. http://www.es. bham.ac.uk/~dmb/speccy/
59. http://ireland.ioi.ie/~sjones/
60. http://www.hermetica.com/technoiogia/sinclair/stevo/gamedbs/gamedbs. html
61 .http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/students/zcacbb1/spectrum/speccy.html
62. http://jumper.mcc.ac.uk:80/~simonc/
63. http://www.il. ft. hse.nl/~ben/sinclair/sinclair. html
64 http://www.freeflight.com/fms/Z80
65. http://lia01 .umzar.es/curro/spectrum.htm
66. http: /'/osiris. sund.ac.uk/~ca4aba/snaps. html
67 http://drson.vse.cz/snapsearch/
68 http://www.soton.ac.uk/~rjc394/
69. http://spodbox.linux.org uk/~blood/
70 http://sable.ox.ac.uk/~sjoh01 32/
71 http://diana40.paisley.ac uk/~com4001 4/index. html
72. http://paui.rutgers.edu/~savoiu/spectrum/
73. http://www.gatewest.net/~cpb/lom html
74 http://www.ugr.es/~pedrom/sinclair.htm
75 gopher://gopher.nvg.unit.no
76. ftp://budda.tixm.tambov.rU/d/incoming/crems/speccy
77. ftp://spodbox.ehche.ac.uk/pub/users/majik
78. ftp. //alba easynet.co.uk
79. ftp://ftp.zx-museum.org.ru
Stephen Smith (stevo@jonlan.demon.co.uk) - Nothing REALLY matters.
Maintainer of SGD, Spec Game FAQ and MWS FAQ
http://www.hermetica.com/technologia/sinclair/sfevo
Printing VU-CALC on a Large Printer
by Bob Swoger
One of the many wonderful things about the TS2068 is that there has been so much
written to inform the user how to use all the features and capabilities. The
manual for it is more informative than manuals I've seen for other brands. The way
the memory is mapped makes programming a pleasure. The system ROM is located
between 0 to 16383. The rest, of space up to 65535 is RAM. Moving RAMTOP down to
hide machine code is done by simply giving the command CLEAR followed by the
address of the last byte of RAM you wish the computer to know about.
The TS2068 manual tells us that if we want to display something on the screen, we
just POKE something into the RAM space between address 16384 ( 16 X 1024 ) and
23296 ( 16384 + 6912 ) or print something to one of 768 screen locations.
Because TASWORD TWO is more like a line editor than a word processor, every
character and space displayed on the screen is stored in predictable RAM
locations. With the use of HEADER. B1 by Nazir Pashtoon for tape and Disk Doctor by
George Chambers we find that the start address for TASWORD documents 33280. This
is the address of the first character on the top left most position on the screen.
If we do not enter printer controls into a TASWORD TWO document, the location of
each character printed on paper and screen is easily located in RAM. If we want to
see the text just entered into TASWORD TWO, we know to look for as much as 300
lines of 64 characters per line starting at address 33280 in RAM. Since 300 lines
of 64 characters is 19200 bytes ( 300 * 64 ) , the last character would be at
address 52479 ( 33279 + 19200 ) . The sixth character on the fifth line would be at
location 33541 found by:
33279 + (4*64)+ 6 = 33541
The following short program will display the first 10 lines of a TASWORD TWO
document named wpfile.Ct to the screen just as it appeared on the screen when you
typed it into TASWORD in the 32 column mode:
10 RANDOMIZE USR 100: LOAD "wpfile.Ct" CODE 33280
20 FOR 1=33280 to (33279+ (10*64) )
30 PRINT CHR$ PEEK I,
40 NEXT I
THIS WON’T WORK VERY WELL WITH MSCRIPT BECAUSE MSCRIPT LINES ARE OF INDETERMINATE
LENGTH .
Now suppose you wanted to print out a portion of a VU-CALC spreadsheet to a large
printer. Each VU-CALC cell is seven characters wide. There are 50 cells across.
The address of the first character in the first cell is 34567. The address of the
last character in the last cell in the first row is (34567 + (50 X 7) ) or 34567 +
350. Since there are 50 rows, the last byte in the VU-CALC file is 50 * 350 or
17500 + 34567 or 52067.
As you can see, we can use simple calculations to locate where each byte of a VU-
CALC file and each byte of a TASWORD TWO file resides in RAM. Armed with this
knowledge, we can write a program to move VU-CALC cell information directly to a
Large Printer or into a TASWORD TWO file for further formatting.
Since the large printer can print only 10 columns with reasonable left and right
margins rather than all 50 columns across the page, VC2LP asks you to choose the
left most column to be printed. It then prints that column and the next 9 and all
50 rows below.
TASWORD, being capable of 64 characters in a row, allows us to load 9 VU-CALC
columns ( 9 X 7 = 63 ) into a TASWORD TWO file using VC2TAS . The added advantage
of doing this before printing is that the file can now be modified further for
better readability of the spreadsheet. Since many of our spreadsheet applications
don't require all nine columns there is usually room to improve the appearance of
the printout by moving the columns apart and using complete words for headings
rather than being limited to 7 characters.
The two programs, VC2LP.B1 and VC2TAS.B1, are both provided as part of the
LogiCall ensemble of programs available from Mechanical Affinity and RMG for $15,
their listings are provided below.
Thanks to Marie Kendall for alerting this author of a bug in an earlier version of
VC2LP.B1 .
10 REM — == VC2LP.B1 ==--
WRITTEN BY ROBERT E. SWOGER
1996 VI. 4
20 REM Prints VU-CALC files
to a large printer.
30 CLEAR 34552: LET h=CODE "d"
: POKE 23658,0: POKE 23728, h
40 CLS : RANDOMIZE USR h: CAT
" .Cv" ,
50 PRINT AT 16,0; '"This progra
m prints 9 columns &50 rows of
a VU-CALC file to alarge print
er. You select theleft-most c
olumn. You may Save, Quit or sel
ect drives 0-4 now. "
60 INPUT "Name of file to prin
t? " ; LINE g$
70 IF g$>= " 0 " AND g$<="4" THEN
RANDOMIZE USR h: GO TO VAL g$ :
GO TO 40
80 IF g$ = " s " OR g$="S" THEN GO
TO 9990
90 IF g$="q" OR g$="Q" THEN GO
TO 9998
100 RANDOMIZE USR h: LOAD g$+".
Cv " CODE
110 IF PEEK 23728<>h THEN PAUSE
h: GO TO 30
120 REM R=VU- CALCs 50 ROWS
130 REM C^VU-CALCs 9 clmn/pg
140 REM V=VU-CALC doc start- 1
150 REM S=First. column to print
160 REM 0=Offset to begin J
170 LET R=50
180 LET C=9
190 LET V=34572
200 REM Determine start column
210 INPUT "Start with what colu
mn? " ; S
220 IF S<1 OR S>42 THEN GO TO 2
10
230 LET 0=(S-1) *7
240 REM SET-UP LP driver
250 RANDOMIZE USR h: OPEN #3,"L
P"
260 RANDOMIZE USR h: POKE 16090
,72: REM Printer width
270 RANDOMIZE USR h: POKE 16094
,8; REM Left margin
280 LPRINT
290 REM PRINT VU-CALC TO LP
300 FOR I=V+0 TO (V+ ( 50*350 )) -1
STEP 350
310 FOR J=1 TO 63
320 LPRINT CHR$ PEEK (I+J) ;
330 NEXT J
340 LPRINT
350 NEXT I
360 GO TO 9998
9992 RANDOMIZE USR h: SAVE "VC2L
P.B1" LINE 10
9998 RANDOMIZE USR h: LOAD "L.B1
10 REM — == VC2TAS.B1 ==--■
WRITTEN BY ROBERT E. SWOGER
1996 VI. 2
20 REM Converts VU-CALC files
to TASWORD 2 files.
30 CLEAR 33279: LET h=CODE "d"
: POKE 23658,0: POKE 23728, h
40 CLS : RANDOMIZE USR h: CAT
" .Cv" ,
50 PRINT ' "This program create
s a 9 column50 row Tasword 2 fi
le from a VU-CALC file that can
be printed ona large printer. Y
ou may selectthe left-most colum
n. You maySave, Quit or selec
t drives 0-4."
60 INPUT "Name of file to conv
ert? "; LINE g$
70 IF g$>="0" AND g$<="4" THEN
RANDOMIZE USR h : GO TO VAL g$ :
GO TO 40
80 IF g$ = "s" OR g$="S" THEN GO
TO 9990
90 IF g$="q" OR g$="Q" THEN GO
TO 9998
100 RANDOMIZE USR h: LOAD g$+".
Cv " CODE
110 IF PEEK 2372 8<>h THEN PAUSE
h: GO TO 30
120 REM R=VU-CALCs 50 ROWS
130 REM C=VU--CAIiCs 9 clmn/pg
140 REM I -Tasword doc start
150 RIM J=VU--CALC doc start
160 REM S=First column to print
170 REM 0=0f fset to begin J
180 LET R-50
190 LET C=9
200 LET 1=33280
210 LET J=3457 3
220 REM Determine start column
230 INPUT "Start with what: colu
inn? " ; S
240 IF S<1 OR S>42 THEN GO TO 2
30
250 LET 0=(S-1)*7
260 LET J=J+0
270 REM MOVE VU-CALC TO TASWORD
280 PRINT # 0 ; TAB 12; FLASH 1;"W
ORKING " ;
290 FOR K=1 TO R
300 FOR L=0 TO (7*C)
310 POKE ( I+L) , PEEK (J+L)
320 NEXT L
330 LET 1=1+64
340 LET J=J+350
350 NEXT K
360 RANDOMIZE USR h: SAVE g$+".
CT " CODE 33280, ( (7*C) +1) *R
370 GO TO 9998
9992 RANDOMIZE USR h: SAVE "VC2T
AS.B1" LINE 30
9998 CLEAR 6E4: RANDOMIZE USR 10
0: LOAD "L.B1"
From: Bob Johnson
To: Sincnews@psg.com
Subj: At the keyboard
This is a special treat to post this, since i am typing away at this T/S 2068
keyboard Yes, I am using Specterm-64 and have my 2050 modem modded into
serial port (RS-232) with a modem plugged into it It is fun playing around
with the emulators for old times sake, but folks this is the REAL DEAL!! I have
every intention of keeping this system running into the next millinium and
beyond My setup includes two 800K drives with a Larken i/f, printer and serial
ports, Kempston joystick port (part of the Larken card) and a couple custom
r^rfo I h in+r» it inHiiHinn n mnlfirriA rlnnk Oknv I am heinn n hit
pUl jo t I IUO(\Vv\U II MV/ II, If IwiUUI I I VJ ^ 1 vU.lu .,vy ‘ / | w v - w * * ’ C7 ' '
of a showoff tonight, I will step off the soapbox and go now...
From: Bob Johnson
To: Fdavis@feak.holli.com
Subj: RE: AT THE KEYBOARD
If you are serious and really admire the fact that 1 have decided to keep the
old machine alive, then I can send you a file in email that details what ! have
put into this system. This includes a custom loading screen. My “realtime
clock" is one of those little stick-on clocks. I painted it silver and glued if
over the center of the cart door It looks iike if is original equipment, ft
was inspired by having a Spouse who claimed I spent Too Much Time with my
computer. I also have a Larken format shareware disk with some of my programs
and SCREENS. One of my most useful utilities is called Soundsmith. ft Is a
program that uses color to display the sound chip registers so you can see
which are related to each other. The contents of each register can be altered
and the results can be heard. It is much superior to frying to type: SOUND
2,45;7,63;15,10;....and the alterations can be heard immediately. Anyway, if
you are truly interested in this stuff, the ever shrinking community of keeping
the real machines ALIVE, then let me know.
From: Bob Johnson
To: Fdavis@teak.holli.com
Subj: RE: AT THE KEYBOARD
I am attaching a GIF format picture of the T/S 2068 menu screen that I iike to
use. I determined that at the time about 90% of the time I used the computer I
would use one of the programs shown on the menu. Fortunately, they all fit
comfortably on an 800k disc, so I could insert the disc and power up. It would
autoboot and present me with the menu. I would simply type the correct letter
at the input prompt and it would whisk me into that program immediately. I have
since updated the Mterm 2 and that selection is now Specterm-64. I also made
the same type of disks for my sons, with their favorite software. One
difference was that they had a menu that required them to type "writing",
"drawing" or "games". Selecting games would result in another sub-menu with a
list of available games, which must be typed in. Each boy had his own disc and
didn't have to use the old man's disc. I wanted them to develop some
keyboarding familiarity while having fun
This computer is still in operation, I used it to type that message the other
night | hinted at some custom hacks I have done. A simple one is that I
brought the speaker signal to a jack at the rear of the case. The really
elegant mod is that I brought the sound chip i/o port lines to a 9 pin
connector at the rear The SOUND command can read it as an input, or can output
a byte, which is latched at the port until changed. Each line can directly
drive an LED Imagine the possibilities,..
Let me know if the attached file makes the journey ..
(Editors Note / was never able to decode this fiie to see the picture , so i am including the next fiie
which is of a similar bent - the effort to get computers like the Timex-Sinclair and the Spectrum
onto the Internet on their own , not by means of an emulator or using an IBM to run Netscape,
etc. I want to see them make it on their own. For those who do not know what TCP is.... if is the
code used to allow a computer to be directly connected to the Internet, not via a terminal program
or a BBS This is for most folks the ideal way to do this. After this is accomplished you would still
need a browser program to allow you to move around from place to place, as well as an email
program to send and receive electronic mail. The ideas presented here are worth the time of
some of you to check out. If I can be of help, drop me a letter or email. My time is limited, but I
would like to help some. Frank Davis)
From: Bill_McBrine <bmcbrine@pine.alberni.net>
Subject: Re: TCP/IP over a Z80 system
QUESTION
Hi there1 Where could I look for TCP/IP, more specifically email details, and examples, to
implement it in a non-PC environment, like say a Z80 based system?
Thanks in advance, My post didn't get out before I fhink.
ANSWER
You can get ROMable source code from comp. sources. unix archives. Look for "TinyTCP". It is a
subset of the TCP commands, however. The IP part is easy, assuming you are using SLIP.
There you go! TCP/IP that will probably run on a Z80! Just get a C compiler like
small-c or zee, and you should be flying in no time!
I'd like to hear what you plan on doing with TCP/IP on a Z80!! And if you get it running - Send
me/us a line11
TC,
=Bill=
* Bill McBrine #*# EMail: ragtag@freenet.alberni.net (other address pending)
Interests' Atari-8bit, Tandy 6000 (with 3.01.00) * bmcbrine@pine.alberni.net
Robotics Linux Amiga News. Networking, User-friendly Data-management Systems.
Jacques Villeneuve' Pole Position in first career Formula-1 Race! Finished 2nd!
From: rigter@cafe.net (wilt rigter)
Subject: ADD SERIAL PORT TO YOUR SINCLAIR
Date: 4 Aug 1996 05:09:16 GMT
Hello everyone,
It is time for another hardware project: this time a serial interface,
7yqi onpp l hplioyo tho RPFRTRI IMt The desian is fuliv
I Ul llic iLAO I , £UUO \UI IU i UCIiGVG Iiiv^ w . . » ~ v - ■ • ’ - ~ C7 j
hardware and software compatible with the popular TS2050 (TIMEX) modem.
As usual, I tried to keep the circuit as simple as possible to make
it easy to construct. I have build several of these units without problems.
This interface is suitable for transferring files to and from your PC (and
other computers). The hardware is self explanatory and easily constructed
using point to point solder connections on a perforated PCB. To simulate
a 2050, 10 address 73 selects the data and address 77 the control register.
Install 0.1 uF capacitors between the power pins of each chip. I used a DB25
connector but DB9 connectors may also be used. Although the RS232 circuit
is nonstandard, it works weii over short distances (3m) : add a level
converter if you like to meet the RS232 standard. To simplify connections
to other computers, I have installed a jumper (J1) on the DB25 connector
to tie CTS TO DSR and RTS leaving only the external connections for
RX.TX and GND. The TX and RX lines of this i/F must be connected to the
RX and TX lines respectively of the other unit. Someone may suggest
different connector arrangements, optimized for other applications.
I use a simple ML (machine language) program to upload and download programs from
the PC and I will post the program on NVG (a location on the Internet with what they claim
is getting close to 3,000 Spectrum programs, as well as QL and ZX81 programs!). You
may wish to use a communication program like ZXTERM80 with build-in XMODEM. If you
have any suggestions please post them: feedback is vital for a project like this.
enjoy
wilt
Editors Note: If this works with the above computers then there is no reason it should not work
with the TS1500. What is needed now is software drivers for all of these computers to use it.
Wilf has produced many such articles for newsletters and Sinclair mags in the past and still
seems to be going strong!
TS 2050 MODEM COMPATIBLE SERIAL l/F
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** SI for BAUD rate selection
1
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04=9600/1200 08=1200/300
OV
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iur
by
Bob Swoger
In this present time of home computers no one computer seems to satisfy
all the needs of many home computer users. A survey of the CATUG club
members has shown that all have at lease two different computer platforms
set up at their homes. This article is not about "Sinclair, the one and
only computer you will ever need" . Instead, it is about how to keep your
Sinclair out of the closet by becoming a Sinclair Power User.
Our newest CATUG members have given us a clue to why some Sinclair
computers serve their users well and others don't. One member has nearly
all the hardware pieces, most of the essential software, and a neat
setun . Another newer member has not yet. gotten it all together. The
answer lies in how complete those Sinclair computer setups are and how
those setups are organized. In order for our Sinclair computers to serve
us well the setup must be fast, complete in both hardware and software,
and ready to go at all times!
Occasionally, I get to show my Sinclair set-up to visitors who use other
computer platforms. Because their systems are classified as MAIN STREAM
systems by todays current sales forces, they ask why my personal system
continues to be the Sinclair. Only after they see my system in operation
do they realize why I favor it above their particular platform. I have my
Sinclair set up on a desk with a hutch. The hutch contains over sixty
disk library cases each containing ten 5.25" disks.
The setup has all the essentials. Plugged into the Dock port of the
TS2068 is the LarKen DOS cartridge with a LarKen Spectrum V2 EPROM. This
EPROM gives me a perfectly functioning DELete key and on board RENUMBER
utility for writing programs. Plugged into the back of the TS2068 is a
LarKen 256K RAM DISK. In back of that is a LarKen DISK INTERFACE. Plugged
into the interface are four 5.25" TEAC disk drives inside two housings
which contain power supplies. Plugged into the Kemstone Joystick
Interface is a Commodore 1351 compatible mouse. Behind the LarKen DISK
INTERFACE is the TS2050 Anchor Modem. In back of the modem interface is
an AERCO printer interface plugged into a 1 megabyte Printer Buffer. The
Printer Buffer drives an NLQ Epson compatible graphics printer.
The Printer Buffer allows the computer to accept commands again two
seconds after a print command! This means there is no waiting for the
printer to print its many pages to continue using the computer again.
Other computer platforms use software printer spoolers which slow those
systems down or the users have to wait for a print job to end before they
can use the computer again.
Of course, the key to speed for the TS2068 equipped with a LarKen disk
interface is the LogiCall operating system. No more do I have to type
RAND USR 100: GOTO 3 to point the system to disk drive 3 or RAND USR 100:
CAT " " , to see the disk directory and RAND USR 100: LOAD "filenm.ex" to
run a program. A simple '3' now points the system to disk drive 3, the
CATalog comes up automatically, and the arrow keys highlight the program
I want to enter. All the DOS keywords now work without the use of or
"/". [QL has an equivalent operating system from Platypus software called
QLamber]
To contrast the difference between ray Sinclair platform and what has been
called a main stream platform, please picture what I have to go through
it every morning at work:
22
Sit down in front of a Macintosh or IBM compatible system. Turn on the
power. After about ten seconds, the screen lights up. The operating
system is now loaded from a disk into RAM while you continue to wait.
Messages and icons start appearing on the screen as the system
initializes. A virus checking program automatically begins to run because
the disk based operating system is vulnerable to being destroyed by
viruses unlike our ROM based machines. Finally, a graphical interface
begins to run and you finally see a blinking arrow beckoning you to click
on some icon apparently designed for the functionally illiterate. Before
the blinking cursor appears, you have enough time to go to the kitchen,
pour a cup of coffee, and return to the computer! You now have to click
on a few more icons and wait some more time to get the application on the
screen .
I actually did all the following for the last Windows Possessed Turkey
that suggested I "move up to a main stream system! " I took him to my
Sinclair setup and powered up the system. When the screen became visible,
a list of programs was already on the screen! [And, by the way, no fool
has yet written a virus to wipe out your Sinclair's system ROM!]
I pressed W <ENTER> and the word processor menu was on the screen in
seconds. L <ENTER> and a list of files to load was displayed. A few more
quick keystrokes and the document was loaded and printing. When the
document started printing I exited the word processor, entered the spread
sheet and loaded in my tax records. I then sent that document to the
printer while the printer was still printing out the word processor
document. While waiting for the printer to get through, I showed him how
we Sinclair people stay in touch by logging into the club BBS. The YOUNG
man was blown away by the speed of it all.
There are certainly some things I can't do as well, as the so called "main
stream machines" do them. I can't play music from a CDROM and sound
blaster while word processing like my daughter does. But my stereo sounds
a whole heck of a lot better. I can't show scenery pictures on the screen
either but I have a VCR that does that job. I can't do desk top
publishing as fast as a main stream machine but my writings can be
uploaded to those machines for further processing as this one was. I
don't have a Hard Drive to store hundreds of programs but if you make one
of your drives a QUAD DENSITY double sided 80 track drive and your
machine is an 8 bit rather than a 16 or 32 bit machine, you will find
that holding 100 programs on a single disk gives the feel of having a
hard drive. The cost of conversion can be as low as $5.00.
You do not have to be sucked into a high priced "Main Stream" platform by
the promise of greater speed. For the things I do with my system, word
processing, spread sheets, data management, the claim of speed using so
called "main stream computers" escapes me.
I HAVE ALL THE NEEDED PIECES! Unfortunately, other members in my club are
finding it increasingly harder to find all the hardware pieces they need
to come up to the performance of my setup.
And now my message. To get the most out of your Sinclair system, you do
have to have all the hardware pieces and all the necessary software! Read
again the list in the third paragraph and try to obtain them all if you
haven't already done so. After the magazines and newsletters are gone,
you will need a modem to stay up with the latest Sinclair community
events. Please get the missing items soon and enjoy the speed!
arsl&tsd it®®® isael^dllja® sued ©an® ar© still
lubl® Ssross both FWB Coasp^t mad MMQ Hsitsrpri®®® Q
Pi©®®© call tb©m real ®@©ja0
23
Supports
Sinclair/Timex
I leortl
V/ O w I tJjP ■
Send legal 3.A.3.E. with request for price
sheet. Specify model interest. Send $4 fbr {j
GIANT GIFT catalog. (Includes ALL price
lists) Phone or FAX for information on
prices and availability.
Mail to:
14784 South Quail Grove Circle
Oregon City, OR 97045
503/655-7484 * FAX 503/655-4116
TS2068 Key Top Protector
by
Phillip Kwitkowski
Our TS2068 users have long been concerned about the loss of the painted
on key cap markings do to normal wear. We have tried carefully painting
clear coatings on the keys using things like Krylon but in time that
either wears off or collects finger dirt making the keys again
unreadable .
Bob Swoger visited my home one day last winter and observing my TS2068,
he noticed that my keys still looked like new! As he got closer, he found
that he was looking at these keys through a thin, almost invisible film!
"What's this?" he asked. "I got the idea from you. You know how you
protect your home TV remote by wrapping it in a plastic sandwich bag?
Well, I taped Saran Wrap over the top of my keyboard. You can hardly see
it because the film is so clear and you can hardly feel it. Try it", I
said.
He gave it a try. I had taped the Saran Wrap over the keyboard just lose
enough to not feel its presence. The film started from under the cover of
the game/dock port where it was fastened with two small pieces of Scotch
tape. Unless you opened the door, you couldn't see the tape. I had laid a
pencil vertically between the film and the keys and taped the left edge
of the film under the TS2068 using several small pieces of tape. The
ON/OFF switch was left uncovered.
The top edge of the film was left un-taped, its edge hidden by the groove
just above the keyboard. The bottom edge was wrapped over the bottom edge
of the machine and taped underneath again with several small pieces of
tape. When the pencil was removed the tension of the film was relaxed
making film limp over the keys. This is what made the film transparent to
feel .
This whole procedure took far less time than painting clear Krylon
coating over the keys and if the thing ever starts looking ugly, you can
replace it again real easy!
Bob tried it on Bobby Muth's machine and his own at the next club
meeting. Three minutes to find the scissors, pencil, Scotch tape and
Reynolds version of Saran Wrap. Seven minutes to install the film and re¬
install the TS2068 back into the setup. Two minutes to put the items away
again. (Wives/moms really appreciate that part.)
WE SUPPORT SINCLAIR
QBOX-USA
COMPUTER BULLETIN BOARD SERVICE
/Ol GOTO
70/0
support all SINCLAIR COMPUTERS
(QL, SPECTRUM, ZX81,Z88, Thor.QXL)
□ Now in our 3rd year on-line round the clock since
October, 1993
O Full message area and File Download areas
O We carry all popular SINCLAIR message areas from
Europe
O Calls from 14.4K— 300 baud are welcome
□ QBOX - USA runs on a SINCLAIR QL with Super
Gold Card, Hermes, QUBIDE, 200MB drive, USR
sportster 14.4 modem
NO FEES CALLUS
From; rdzidlic@faui05f.informatik.uni-erlangen.de (Richard Zidlicky)
Subject: QL FAQ and Resources pointer, news on news
Message-ID: <RDZIDLIC.96May231 81 329@faui05f.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Hello Netfers,
[sorry if this showed up twice due to a problem with our newsserver]
here is my small list of informations, links and addresses related to the QL.
I intend to post this regularly in comp. sys. Sinclair and maus.sys.ql.int
This time with a revolutionary update to the Usenet news section.
Email any comments, new sites and those I have forgotten to mention,
to rdzidlic@cip.informatik. uni-erlongen.de
If you would like receive updates of this list by email, just email me.
####################################################################
The QL FAQ is maintained by Robert Klein, it contains lots of information about history and
current developments, available and historic hardware, software, clubs, magazines and dealers.
Available from:
http://www.uni-mainz.de/~roklein/ql/
http://vzdmzi.zdv.uni-mainz.de/%7Ekleir000/index.html
Older versions are ftpable from maya and garbo, see below
The author can be reached by email as roklein@goofy.zdv.Uni-Mainz.de
####################################################################
The newest c68 version will be available from Thierry's WWW, sometimes
the version at ftp.nvg.unit.no may be newer.
Thierry Godefroy's home page, list of BBSs, WWWs, FTPs, QLCF BBS
c68 and some other software for download:
http://www.imaginet.fr/~godefroy/
http://www.imaginet.fr/~godefroy/english/index.html ENGLISH
http://www.imaginet.fr/~godefroy/download.html c68 download
####################################################################
Other known WWW addresses:
Timothy Swenson's WWW: (QHJ, other ezines, email lists, FreeWare)
http://www.serve.com/swensont/
Peta's QL Support Page, QTPI info and download, info about TFServices, Jonathan Hudson,
Jochen Merz, many links, some software for downloading, Quo Vadis Page:
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/peta/
27
####################################################################
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asss
! OFFSET
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